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Lead Poisoning
What is Lead?
Lead is a toxic heavy metal that is the #1 environmental hazard for children. Though it is a natural substance, it is not normally found in the environment in which we live - it is mined from the earth for industrial and manufacturing use.
How does Lead affect the body?
Lead interferes with body's ability to absorb iron and calcium. It also causes damage to the heart, kidneys, and the nervous system.
Why is Lead such a concern for children?
Children's bodies absorb more of what they take in than adults, they are more likely to be exposed to lead, and they are more likely to be repeatedly exposed to lead. Their brains, bones, organs and muscles are still developing, so a toxic substance that causes irreversible brain and organ damage is particularly dangerous. Lead exposure in children, even at levels where there are no immediate symptoms, can permanently impair learning ability and even affect their behavior.
What should be done to detect Lead exposure?
All children should be tested for lead around age 2. Those who are at increased risk for exposure (live or spend a great deal of time in dwellings built before 1959) should be tested at least annually from 2-6 years old. Testing for lead involves drawing a small amount of blood either from the finger or vein. Pregnant women living in high-risk environments should also be tested, since lead can cross the placenta barrier to affect the development of the fetus. Adults in occupations or with hobbies that involve lead should also be tested regularly.
What does the test mean?
Though the ideal amount of lead in our bodies is "0", results of < 4 ug/dL in children can be considered to be normal. Once the levels rise above 4, it is time for the parents or guardians to start looking around the house for potential sources. Anything at 10 ug/dL or higher is considered to be "elevated". A search for the source(s) is vital. Two tests at or above 15 or one test at or above 20 are considered lead poisoned. A state or local health department specialist will assist in the search for the source of lead exposure.
Fore more information about lead and how to avoid exposure or interpret blood lead level tests please contact Public Health Solutions' Environmental Health section.
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